Abstract :

In the rapidly evolving landscape of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy efficiency remains a paramount concern due to the limited power resources of sensor nodes. This paper presents a comprehensive study of power-saving and energy optimization techniques aimed at enhancing the operational lifespan and performance of WSNs. We explore various methodologies, including duty cycling, data aggregation, clustering, and adaptive transmission power control, that significantly reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, we investigate advanced strategies such as energy harvesting, energy-efficient MAC protocols, and mobile sink nodes to optimize energy utilization across the network. Our research delves into the design and implementation of novel energy-aware routing protocols and compression techniques that address the unique challenges posed by WSNs. Through rigorous simulations and case studies, we demonstrate the efficacy of these techniques in extending network lifetime and improving overall energy efficiency. The findings underscore the importance of integrating multiple approaches to achieve optimal energy management in WSNs. This paper contributes to the field by providing a holistic overview of current advancements in energy optimization for WSNs, offering insights into future research directions. The proposed techniques not only enhance the sustainability of WSNs but also pave the way for more robust and scalable sensor network deployments in diverse applications.